Abstract
When incubated under simulated microgravity (s-mg), endothelial cells (EC) form tubular structures that resemble vascular intimas. This delayed formation of 3D EC structures begins between the 5th and 7th day of culturing EC under conditions of s-mg. With the aim of learning about this initial phase of tubular structure formation, NFkBp65 protein content was similar in all cell populations, but gene and protein expression of phosphokinase A catalytic subunit, phosphokinase Ca, and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 was altered in cells cultured under s-mg. In contrast to controls, the 7-day-old s-mg cultures contained 3D aggregates with proliferating cells, enhanced numbers of necrotic cells, and osteopontin-negative EC as well as supernatants with reduced quantities of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), soluble TNFRSF5, TNFSF5, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, tumor necrosis factor receptor 2, IL-18, complement C3, and von Willebrand factor. VEGF and=or bFGF (10 ng=mL) application influenced the accumulation of proteins in supernatants more profoundly under 1 g than under s-mg. These findings provide evidence that phosphokinase Ca plays a key role in tube formation. Improving the interaction of VEGF and=or bFGF with EC under s-mg could enhance the engineering of vascular intimas.
Details
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 1559-1573 |
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Journal | Tissue Engineering Part A |
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Volume | 16 |
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Issue number | 5 |
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DOIs | |
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Publication status | Published - 4 May 2010 |
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